Niterói Contemporary Art Museum in Rio de Janeiro – Oscar Niemeyer

The Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói (MAC) is a contemporary art museum in the Niterói municipality near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Inaugurated in 1996, its iconic disk-shaped building was designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer.

Above: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum with the Corcovado mountain on the right; photo Marinelson Almeida (CC BY 2.0) via Flickr.

Architecture
The museum is situated on the Mirante da Boa Viagem, a panoramic promontory overlooking the South Atlantic Ocean, Guanabara Bay, and Rio de Janeiro.
The 2,500-square-meter / 26,900-square-foot building designed by Niemeyer features a peculiar “inverted cone” shape, vaguely resembling a flying saucer standing in the middle of a circular pond like a giant aquatic flower.

The Niterói Contemporary Art Museum; photo Rodrigo Soldon (CC BY 2.0) via Flickr.

Mostly made of white-painted reinforced concrete, the museum is divided into four levels, connected by a spiral staircase.
The partially sunken basement contains storage areas, a cafe, a restaurant, and a small 54-seat auditorium.
The first floor accommodates the museum’s lobby and administration offices.
The second floor houses five medium-sized exhibition rooms and a 393-square-meter double-height exhibition hall.
Finally, the third floor, topped by a circular dome with a diameter of 50 meters (164 feet), contains nearly 700 square meters of exhibition space, divided into five galleries.
Two panoramic “promenades”, each bordered by a continuous ribbon window on the outer side, run on the perimeter of the second and third levels, providing spectacular views over the bay and the city.

Niterói Contemporary Art Museum, cross-section.

Photo by Rodrigo Soldon (CC BY 2.0) via Flickr.

A long, curvilinear ramp connects the Avenida Almirante Benjamin Sodré coastal road to the museum’s entrance on the first floor and the visitors’ exit on the second floor, thus creating a continuous, uninterrupted path throughout the public realm and museum, which, inevitably, evokes the Guggenheim by Frank Lloyd Wright.
The circular form is recurrent in the building; the pool, the ramp, the internal balconies, the handrails – even the lamps and the restaurant counter – are all round-shaped.
Niemeyer, who was nearly 90 years old when the building was completed, adopted this unconventional design to create a building that integrates totally with the landscape, like a monumental 16-meter-high tropical flower perched on Boa Viagem’s rocky headland.

“It’s a building located on a wonderful site, which I liked very much. And that made the design process quite easy. It is a headland surrounded by the sea, and the building is located in its middle. The problem was to find out how to support it. (…) And then, the idea for Niteroi came to my mind naturally. It was like a flower. Someone sees it as a flying saucer, but it’s not that; it’s a flower.”  Oscar Niemeyer

View of the museum from the spiraling ramp; photo Alfons ATW (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) via Flickr.

Niterói Contemporary Art Museum, view from the Praia da Boa Viagem beach; photo Anna Magal (CC BY-NC 2.0) via Flickr.

The museum
The mission of the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum is focused on “the production of contemporary art, exhibited in a public space open to those who are not part of the art world”.

The core of the museum’s collection is constituted of about 1,200 pieces, donated by businessman and art collector João Sattamini and mostly created by Brazilian artists from the 1950s to the early-1990s, including works by Lygia Clark, João Carlos Goldberg, Frans Krajcberg, Tomie Ohtake, Abraham Palatnik, Mira Schendel, and Carlos Vergara.

The museum’s program of activities includes temporary exhibitions, educational programs, and special events.

 The main exhibition hall on the first floor; photo by Rosino (CC BY-SA 2.0) via Flickr

The panoramic hall of the museum; photo by tongeron91 (CC BY-SA 2.0) via Flickr

Pictures

The museum at night; photo Rosa Menkman (CC BY 2.0) via Flickr.

Aerial view; photo Mario Duran-Ortiz (CC BY-SA 2.0) via Flickr.

Plan of the basement, first, and second levels.

The circular pool at the bottom of the “flower”; photo Rodrigo Soldon (CC BY 2.0) via Flickr.